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Erschienen in: Herz 2/2024

06.02.2024 | Arterielle Hypertonie | Schwerpunkt

Luftverschmutzung, Lärm und Hypertonie

Komplizen im Verbrechen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. T. Münzel, A. Daiber, O. Hahad

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 2/2024

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Zusammenfassung

Luftverschmutzung und Verkehrslärm sind wichtige Umweltrisikofaktoren, die die Gesundheit in städtischen Gesellschaften gefährden und oft gemeinsam als „Komplizen“ auftreten. Obwohl Luftverschmutzung und Lärm in städtischen Umgebungen häufig gleichzeitig auftreten, wurden sie in der Regel getrennt untersucht, wobei zahlreiche Studien konsistente Auswirkungen individueller Expositionen auf den Blutdruck dokumentieren. Im folgenden Übersichtsartikel beleuchten wir die Epidemiologie von Luftverschmutzung und Lärm mit Hinblick auf den Herz-Kreislauf-Risikofaktor arterielle Hypertonie sowie die zugrunde liegende Pathophysiologie. Beide Umweltbelastungen führen nachweislich zu einer endothelialen Dysfunktion, oxidativem Stress, einer ausgeprägten Gefäßentzündung, zur Störung des zirkadianen Rhythmus und zur Aktivierung des autonomen Nervensystems, die insgesamt die Entwicklung von Bluthochdruck und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen begünstigen. Aus gesellschaftlicher und politischer Sicht besteht dringender Bedarf, auf das Gefahrenpotenzial von Luftverschmutzung und Verkehrslärm in den Präventionsrichtlinien der American Heart Association (AHA)/des American College of Cardiology (ACC) und in den ESC(European Society of Cardiology)-Richtlinien zur Prävention hinzuweisen. Daher ist es ein wichtiges Ziel für die Zukunft, das Bewusstsein für Umweltrisikofaktoren als bedeutende und insbesondere vermeidbare Risikofaktoren für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zu schärfen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Luftverschmutzung, Lärm und Hypertonie
Komplizen im Verbrechen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. T. Münzel
A. Daiber
O. Hahad
Publikationsdatum
06.02.2024
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-024-05234-5

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